Alzheimer’s affects seven million Americans and still has no cure. Lithium, however, might be an answer to that problem. 

One of the latest papers in Nature examines the role of low lithium levels in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Washington Post reporter Mark Johnson interviewed the head of the research group, Bruce A. Yankner.

“We found that when we administered lithium orotate to aging mice [that had] started losing their memory, the lithium orotate actually reverted their memory to the young adult, six-month level,” Yankner said.

Dr. Yankner also said that while the mouse results are promising, human trials are still needed to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Alzheimer’s leads to memory and thinking decline. One of the causes is formation of plaques and tangles in the brain that prevent proper neuron functioning. The study shows that one of the lithium forms —  lithium orotate —  reduced the amount of these formations and helped other cells clear them out even if given in small doses.

The fact that such a small amount of lithium had this effect increases the chances of developing a safe, low-dose therapy for humans. 

While this application is new, lithium has a long history in medicine, particularly in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Approved by the FDA in 1970 in the form of lithium carbonate, it has since been considered a gold-standard mood stabilizer. It’s believed to work by reducing stress on the brain and supporting neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize. Some evidence also suggests that lithium can reduce suicidal thoughts in people with mood disorders, although its exact mechanisms remain unclear. Despite its effectiveness, lithium use requires monitoring due to potential side effects on the kidneys and thyroid.

Read the full article on the Washington Post website